Everything about Novosibirsk totally explained
Novosibirsk () is
Russia's third largest
city, after
Moscow and
Saint Petersburg, and the administrative center of
Novosibirsk Oblast. It is also the largest city in
Siberia and the administrative center of
Siberian Federal District, in the southwest of which it's located.
History
It was founded in
1893 as the future site of the
Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great
Siberian river
Ob, and was known as
Novonikolayevsk after St.Nicholas. Also, it was the name of the ruling at that time
Tsar Nicholas II. The bridge opened for traffic in the spring of 1897. Its importance further increased early in the 20th century with the completion of the
Turkestan-Siberia Railway, connecting Novosibirsk to
Central Asia and the
Caspian Sea.
By the time of the bridge's opening Novonikolaevsk's population was 7,800 people. The year 1906 saw the first bank of Novosibirsk being established and by 1915 there were already five banks. In 1907 it became a city with all the rights of self-government and population of 47,000. The pre-
November Revolution period saw Novosibirsk with a population of 80,000 and was the largest commercial and industrial center having an agricultural processing industry, power station, iron foundry, commodity market, banks, commercial and shipping companies, 7 Orthodox churches, one Roman-Catholic church, several cinemas, 40 primary schools, a high school, teachers' seminary and the Romanov House' non-classical secondary school. Novosibirsk was one of the first towns in Russia that accepted the compulsory primary education in 1913.
In 1979 construction of the
Novosibirsk Metro began, culminating in the opening of the first line in 1985.
Climate
The climate is sharply
continental, with severely cold and snowy winters, and hot and dry summers. Temperatures in summer range from 20 °C to 25 °C (75 °F), in winter -18 °C to -20 °C (0 °F), but can reach -40 °C (-40 °F) in winter and 35-40 °C (100 °F) in summer. The difference between the highest and the lowest temperature is 88 °C (158 °F). Most of the time the weather is sunny, with an average of 2880 hours of sunshine per year.
Travelers coming from the countries with mild climate may find Novosibirsk’s winter tough but it won't be extraordinary for those from northern countries. Sometimes, bitter cold may hold for some days, but these temperatures of -40 C and lower don't occur every year. In contrast, springtime isn't the best season for visiting Novosibirsk. Streets and roads become dirty because of mud and melting snow, and weather is still cold.
Industry, education, science, and culture
Industries include machine manufacturing and
metallurgy. Turkish Efes Beverage Group owns a brewery in Novosibirsk. It is the home of one of
Novosibirsk State University (situated in nearby
Akademgorodok), a number of institutes and a scientific research center. The city is widely considered to be the cultural center of
Siberia.
Broadcasting
Novosibirsk is home to Russia's most powerful shortwave relay station east of the
Ural mountains. This relay station can reach most of South Asia, the Middle East, and
China. The
Magadan and
Vladivostok relay stations when operated in conjunction with Novosibirsk can guarantee that the
Voice of Russia or any other broadcaster renting time at Novosibirsk is heard in the intended target area.
Transport
Novosibirsk is the third largest city in
Russia (after Moscow and Saint Petersburg) and the first in Siberia in which a
metro system was established (the
Novosibirsk Metro, opened in 1986). The city is served by
Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport with regular flights to Europe and Asia and other Russian cities. Tolmachevo is the hub for
S7 Airlines. There is also the auxiliary
Novosibirsk Elitsovka Airport and a smaller field for general aviation at
Novosibirsk Severny Airport. The Siberian airline "Sibir'" is stationed at Tolmachevo airport.
Sports
Amongst several other former Soviet Olympians, Novosibirsk has the distinction of being the hometown of
Alexander Karelin, the 12-time world champion Greco-Roman wrestler (including 3 Olympic gold and 1 Olympic silver medals), voted by
FILA as the greatest Greco-Roman wrestler of the 20th century.
Novosibirsk has numerous sports facilities.
Music
Two classical violinists of modern times,
Vadim Repin,
Natalia Lomeiko and
Maxim Vengerov, are natives of Novosibirsk. The city possesses a Conservatory, a Philarmony and several music halls where concerts are given.
The Zoo of Novosibirsk
The
Zoo of Novosibirsk is a world renowned zoo and a popular tourist attraction to the city. The zoo has over 4000 species of animals, and actively participates in thirty-two different societies for preserving
endangered species. On average, around 700,000 people visit the zoo each year.
In
2000, the zoo held the closest relative to the
cape lion of
South Africa. John Spence was always fascinated about the stories of these grand lions scaling the walls of
General van Rieebeck's castle in the 17th century. Spence's search took thirty years, which led him to the Novosibirsk Zoo where he found the closest living resemblance to the cape lion; the zoo called him Simon. The lion and his family are kept outdoors in large, natural settings. "It is kept all the year around in the climate conditions of the West Siberia at the temperatures from to . In forty years, more than sixty cubs were born."
The zoo's current curator is Rostislav Shilo. Simon's cubs were named after him and his wife, Olga.
Daejeon, South Korea (2001)
Changchun, China (1994)
Minneapolis-Saint Paul, United States (1989)
Sapporo, Japan (1990)
Minsk, BelarusFurther Information
Get more info on 'Novosibirsk'.
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